{:en}Major oil pipeline outage to hit U.S. stockpiles, refinery …{:}{:de}Großer Ölpipeline-Ausfall beeinträchtigt US-Lagerbestände, Raffinerien …{:}{:pl}Poważna awaria rurociągu naftowego, która uderzy w zapasy w USA, rafinerię…{:}
{:en} How the Major Oil Pipeline Outage Could Impact U.S. Refineries and Stockpiles The recent major oil pipeline outage has…
{:en}
How the Major Oil Pipeline Outage Could Impact U.S. Refineries and Stockpiles
The recent major oil pipeline outage has the potential to significantly impact U.S. refineries and stockpiles. The Colonial Pipeline, which transports fuel from the Gulf Coast to the East Coast, was shut down due to a cyberattack, resulting in a supply disruption that could last for weeks.
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The disruption of the Colonial Pipeline could cause a shortage of fuel in the East Coast, as the pipeline is responsible for supplying 45% of the region’s fuel. This could lead to higher prices at the pump, as well as a shortage of fuel for businesses and consumers.
| Tensile and Hardness Requirements | |||||||||
| Grade | Yield Strength MPa | Tensile Strength | Hardness a,c | Specified Wall Thickness | Allowable Hardness Variation b | ||||
| Type | Total Elongation Under Load | min MPa | max | ||||||
| min | max | HRC | HBW | mm | HRC | ||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| H40 | — | 0.5 | 276 | 552 | 414 | — | — | — | — |
| J55 | — | 0.5 | 379 | 552 | 517 | — | — | — | — |
| K55 | — | 0.5 | 379 | 552 | 655 | — | — | — | — |
| N80 | 1 | 0.5 | 552 | 758 | 689 | — | — | — | — |
| N80 | Q | 0.5 | 552 | 758 | 689 | — | — | — | — |
| R95 | — | 0.5 | 655 | 758 | 724 | — | — | — | — |
| L80 L80 | 1 | 0.5 | 552 | 655 | 655 | 23 | 241 | — | — |
| L80 | 9Cr 13Cr | 0.5 | 552 | 655 | 655 | 23 | 241 | — | — |
| 0.5 | 552 | 655 | 655 | 23 | 241 | — | — | ||
| C90 | 1 | 0.5 | 621 | 724 | 689 | 25.4 | 255 | £12.70 | 3 |
| 12.71 to 19.04 | 4 | ||||||||
| 19.05 to 25.39 | 5 | ||||||||
| ³ 25.40 | 6 | ||||||||
| T95 | 1 | 0.5 | 655 | 758 | 724 | 25.4 | 255 | £12.70 | 3 |
| 12.71 to 19.04 | 4 | ||||||||
| 19.05 to 25.39 | 5 | ||||||||
| ³ 25.40 | 6 | ||||||||
| C110 | — | 0.7 | 758 | 828 | 793 | 30 | 286 | £12.70 | 3 |
| 12.71 to 19.04 | 4 | ||||||||
| 19.05 to 25.39 | 5 | ||||||||
| ³ 25.40 | 6 | ||||||||
| P110 | — | 0.6 | 758 | 965 | 862 | — | — | — | — |
| Q125 | 1 | 0.65 | 862 | 1034 | 931 | b | — | £12.70 | 3 |
| 12.71 to 19.04 19.05 | 4 | ||||||||
| 5 | |||||||||
| a In case of dispute, laboratory Rockwell C hardness testing shall be used as the referee method. | |||||||||
| b No hardness limits are specified, but the maximum variation is restricted as a manufacturing control in accordance with 7.8 and 7.9. | |||||||||
| c For through-wall hardness tests of Grades L80 (all types), C90, T95 and C110, the requirements stated in HRC scale are for maximum mean hardness number. | |||||||||
The outage could also have an impact on U.S. refineries. Refineries on the East Coast rely on the Colonial Pipeline for their supply of crude oil, and the disruption could cause them to reduce their production. This could lead to a decrease in the supply of gasoline and other refined products, resulting in higher prices.
Finally, the outage could also affect U.S. stockpiles. The U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) is a stockpile of crude oil that is used to help stabilize prices in times of supply disruptions. The SPR is located on the East Coast, and the disruption of the Colonial Pipeline could cause the SPR to be used to help meet the region’s fuel needs. This could lead to a decrease in the SPR’s stockpile, which could have an impact on the global oil market.
| API 5CT L80 Casing TubingDimensions and Masses for Standard Casing and for Casing Threaded with | |||||||||||
| API Round Thread and Buttress Thread | |||||||||||
| Labels a | Calculated Mass c | ||||||||||
| Nominal Linear Mass T& C b,c | Wall Thick- ness | em, Mass Gain or Loss Due to End Finishing d | |||||||||
| Outside Diameter | Inside Diameter | Drift Diameter | Plain- end | kg | |||||||
| Round Thread | Buttress Thread | ||||||||||
| wpe | |||||||||||
| D | kg/m | t | D | mm | kg/m | Short | Long | RC | SCC | ||
| mm | mm | mm | |||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
| 4 1/2 | 9.5 | 114.3 | 14.38 | 5.21 | 103.88 | 100.7 | 14.02 | 3.64 | — | — 4.53 | — 1.12 |
| 4 1/2 | 10.5 | 114.3 | 15.73 | 5.69 | 102.92 | 99.74 | 15.24 | 3.33 | — 3.61 | 4.32 | 0.91 |
| 4 1/2 | 11.6 | 114.3 | 17.38 | 6.35 | 101.6 | 98.42 | 16.91 | 3.18 | 3.35 | 4.07 | 0.6 |
| 4 1/2 | 13.5 | 114.3 | 19.87 | 7.37 | 99.56 | 96.38 | 19.44 | — | 3.53 | 3.64 | 0.24 |
| 4 1/2 | 15.1 | 114.3 | 22.69 | 8.56 | 97.18 | 94 | 22.32 | — | |||
| 5 | 11.5 | 127 | 17.19 | 5.59 | 115.82 | 112.64 | 16.74 | 4.32 | — 4.85 | — 5.38 | — 1.24 |
| 5 | 13 | 127 | 19.69 | 6.43 | 114.14 | 110.96 | 19.12 | 4 | 4.51 | 4.99 | 0.61 |
| 5 | 15 | 127 | 22.69 | 7.52 | 111.96 | 108.78 | 22.16 | 3.71 | 4.52 | 4.4 | 0.22 |
| 5 | 18 | 127 | 27.19 | 9.19 | 108.62 | 105.44 | 26.7 | — | 3.45 | 3.76 | –0.62 |
| 5 | 21.4 | 127 | 32.13 | 11.1 | 104.8 | 101.62 | 31.73 | — | 3.15 | 3.42 | –0.96 |
| 5 | 23.2 | 127 | 34.76 | 12.14 | 102.72 | 99.54 | 34.39 | — | 2.99 | 3.23 | –1.14 |
| 5 | 24.1 | 127 | 36.15 | 12.7 | 101.6 | 98.42 | 35.8 | — | |||
| 5 1/2 | 14 | 139.7 | 20.91 | 6.2 | 127.3 | 124.12 | 20.41 | 4.6 | — 5.26 | — 5.71 | — 0.87 |
| 5 1/2 | 15.5 | 139.7 | 23.48 | 6.98 | 125.74 | 122.56 | 22.85 | 4.36 | 5.31 | 5.41 | 0.58 |
| 5 1/2 | 17 | 139.7 | 25.72 | 7.72 | 124.26 | 121.08 | 25.13 | 4.14 | 4.5 | 4.84 | 0.45 |
| 5 1/2 | 20 | 139.7 | 30.05 | 9.17 | 121.36 | 118.18 | 29.52 | — | 4.37 | 4.31 | -0.52 |
| 5 1/2 | 23 | 139.7 | 34.05 | 10.54 | 118.62 | 115.44 | 33.57 | — | — | — | — |
| 5 1/2 | 26.8 | 139.7 | 40.15 | 12.7 | 114.3 | 111.12 | 39.78 | — | — | — | — |
| 5 1/2 | 29.7 | 139.7 | 44.47 | 14.27 | 111.16 | 107.98 | 44.14 | — | — | — | — |
| 5 1/2 | 32.6 | 139.7 | 48.74 | 15.88 | 107.94 | 104.76 | 48.49 | — | — | — | — |
| 5 1/2 | 35.3 | 139.7 | 52.8 | 17.45 | 104.8 | 101.62 | 52.61 | — | — | — | — |
| 5 1/2 | 38 | 139.7 | 56.82 | 19.05 | 101.6 | 98.42 | 56.68 | — | — | — | — |
| 5 1/2 | 40.5 | 139.7 | 60.64 | 20.62 | 98.46 | 95.28 | 60.55 | — | — | — | — |
| 5 1/2 | 43.1 | 139.7 | 64.41 | 22.22 | 95.26 | 92.08 | 64.38 | — | |||
| 6 5/8 | 20 | 168.28 | 29.76 | 7.32 | 153.64 | 150.46 | 29.06 | 5.58 | 6.23 | 6.35 | 0.89 |
| 6 5/8 | 24 | 168.28 | 35.72 | 8.94 | 150.4 | 147.22 | 35.13 | 4.42 | 5.48 | 5.52 | 0.68 |
| 6 5/8 | 28 | 168.28 | 41.67 | 10.59 | 147.1 | 143.92 | 41.18 | — | 4.73 | 4.71 | –0.75 |
| 6 5/8 | 32 | 168.28 | 47.62 | 12.06 | 144.16 | 140.98 | 46.46 | — | 4.73 | 4 | –1.46 |
Overall, the major oil pipeline outage has the potential to significantly impact U.S. refineries and stockpiles. The disruption could lead to higher prices at the pump, a decrease in production from refineries, and a decrease in the U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserve. It is important to monitor the situation closely in order to ensure that the disruption does not have a lasting impact on the U.S. economy.{:}{:de}
Wie sich der große Ausfall der Ölpipeline auf Raffinerien und Lagerbestände in den USA auswirken könnte
Der jüngste große Ausfall der Ölpipeline hat das Potenzial, erhebliche Auswirkungen auf Raffinerien und Lagerbestände in den USA zu haben. Die Colonial Pipeline, die Treibstoff von der Golfküste zur Ostküste transportiert, wurde aufgrund eines Cyberangriffs abgeschaltet, was zu einer Versorgungsunterbrechung führte, die wochenlang andauern konnte. Mantelrohr China bestes Unternehmen,
Die Störung der Colonial Pipeline könnte zu einer Treibstoffknappheit an der Ostküste führen, da die Pipeline für die Lieferung von 45 % des Treibstoffs der Region verantwortlich ist. Dies könnte zu höheren Preisen an der Zapfsäule sowie zu einer Treibstoffknappheit für Unternehmen und Verbraucher führen.
| Zug- und Härteanforderungen | |||||||||
| Note | Streckgrenze MPa | Zug Stärke | Härte a,c | Angegebene Wandstärke | Zulässige Härte Variante b | ||||
| Typ | Gesamtdehnung unter Last | min MPa | max | ||||||
| min | max | HRC | HBW | mm | HRC | ||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| H40 | 0.5 | 276 | 552 | 414 | |||||
| J55 | 0.5 | 379 | 552 | 517 | |||||
| K55 | 0.5 | 379 | 552 | 655 | |||||
| N80 | 1 | 0.5 | 552 | 758 | 689 | ||||
| N80 | Q | 0.5 | 552 | 758 | 689 | ||||
| R95 | 0.5 | 655 | 758 | 724 | |||||
| L80 L80 | 1 | 0.5 | 552 | 655 | 655 | 23 | 241 | ||
| L80 | 9Cr 13Cr | 0.5 | 552 | 655 | 655 | 23 | 241 | ||
| 0.5 | 552 | 655 | 655 | 23 | 241 | ||||
| C90 | 1 | 0.5 | 621 | 724 | 689 | 25.4 | 255 | 12,70 | 3 |
| 12.71 bis 19.04 | 4 | ||||||||
| 19.05 bis 25.39 | 5 | ||||||||
| 25,40 | 6 | ||||||||
| T95 | 1 | 0.5 | 655 | 758 | 724 | 25.4 | 255 | 12,70 | 3 |
| 12.71 bis 19.04 | 4 | ||||||||
| 19.05 bis 25.39 | 5 | ||||||||
| 25,40 | 6 | ||||||||
| C110 | 0.7 | 758 | 828 | 793 | 30 | 286 | 12,70 | 3 | |
| 12.71 bis 19.04 | 4 | ||||||||
| 19.05 bis 25.39 | 5 | ||||||||
| 25,40 | 6 | ||||||||
| P110 | 0.6 | 758 | 965 | 862 | |||||
| Q125 | 1 | 0.65 | 862 | 1034 | 931 | b | 12,70 | 3 | |
| 12.71 bis 19.04 19.05 | 4 | ||||||||
| 5 | |||||||||
| a Im Streitfall wird die Rockwell-C-Härteprüfung im Labor als Referenzmethode verwendet. | |||||||||
| b Es sind keine Härtegrenzen festgelegt, die maximale Abweichung ist jedoch als Fertigungskontrolle gemäß 7.8 und 7.9 eingeschränkt. | |||||||||
| c Für Härteprüfungen durch die Wand der Klassen L80 (alle Typen), C90, T95 und C110 gelten die in der HRC-Skala angegebenen Anforderungen für die maximale mittlere Härtezahl. | |||||||||
Der Ausfall könnte auch Auswirkungen auf US-Raffinerien haben. Raffinerien an der Ostküste sind für ihre Rohölversorgung auf die Colonial Pipeline angewiesen, und die Störung könnte dazu führen, dass sie ihre Produktion reduzieren. Dies könnte zu einem Rückgang des Angebots an Benzin und anderen raffinierten Produkten führen, was zu höheren Preisen führen würde.
Schließlich könnte sich der Ausfall auch auf die US-Lagerbestände auswirken. Die Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) der USA ist ein Vorrat an Rohöl, der dazu dient, die Preise in Zeiten von Versorgungsunterbrechungen zu stabilisieren. Das SPR befindet sich an der Ostküste und die Unterbrechung der Colonial Pipeline könnte dazu führen, dass das SPR zur Deckung des Treibstoffbedarfs der Region genutzt wird. Dies könnte zu einem Rückgang der SPR-Bestände führen, was sich auf den globalen Ölmarkt auswirken könnte.
| API 5CT L80 Gehäuserohrabmessungen und -massen für Standardgehäuse und für Gehäuse mit Gewinde | |||||||||||
| API-Rundgewinde und Stützgewinde | |||||||||||
| Beschriftungen a | Berechnete Masse c | ||||||||||
| AGB für die nominale lineare Masse b,c | Wandstärke | em, Massengewinn oder -verlust durch Endbearbeitung d | |||||||||
| Außendurchmesser | Innendurchmesser | Driftdurchmesser | Plain-End | kg | |||||||
| Rundfaden | Stützfaden | ||||||||||
| wpe | |||||||||||
| D | kg/m | t | D | mm | kg/m | Kurz | Lang | RC | SCC | ||
| mm | mm | mm | |||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
| 4 1/2 | 9.5 | 114.3 | 14.38 | 5.21 | 103.88 | 100.7 | 14.02 | 3.64 | 4,53 | 1.12 | |
| 4 1/2 | 10.5 | 114.3 | 15.73 | 5.69 | 102.92 | 99.74 | 15.24 | 3.33 | 3.61 | 4.32 | 0.91 |
| 4 1/2 | 11.6 | 114.3 | 17.38 | 6.35 | 101.6 | 98.42 | 16.91 | 3.18 | 3.35 | 4.07 | 0.6 |
| 4 1/2 | 13.5 | 114.3 | 19.87 | 7.37 | 99.56 | 96.38 | 19.44 | 3.53 | 3.64 | 0.24 | |
| 4 1/2 | 15.1 | 114.3 | 22.69 | 8.56 | 97.18 | 94 | 22.32 | ||||
| 5 | 11.5 | 127 | 17.19 | 5.59 | 115.82 | 112.64 | 16.74 | 4.32 | 4,85 | 5,38 | 1,24 |
| 5 | 13 | 127 | 19.69 | 6.43 | 114.14 | 110.96 | 19.12 | 4 | 4.51 | 4.99 | 0.61 |
| 5 | 15 | 127 | 22.69 | 7.52 | 111.96 | 108.78 | 22.16 | 3.71 | 4.52 | 4.4 | 0.22 |
| 5 | 18 | 127 | 27.19 | 9.19 | 108.62 | 105.44 | 26.7 | 3.45 | 3.76 | 0.62 | |
| 5 | 21.4 | 127 | 32.13 | 11.1 | 104.8 | 101.62 | 31.73 | 3.15 | 3.42 | 0.96 | |
| 5 | 23.2 | 127 | 34.76 | 12.14 | 102.72 | 99.54 | 34.39 | 2.99 | 3.23 | 1.14 | |
| 5 | 24.1 | 127 | 36.15 | 12.7 | 101.6 | 98.42 | 35.8 | ||||
| 5 1/2 | 14 | 139.7 | 20.91 | 6.2 | 127.3 | 124.12 | 20.41 | 4.6 | 5.26 | 5.71 | 0,87 |
| 5 1/2 | 15.5 | 139.7 | 23.48 | 6.98 | 125.74 | 122.56 | 22.85 | 4.36 | 5.31 | 5.41 | 0.58 |
| 5 1/2 | 17 | 139.7 | 25.72 | 7.72 | 124.26 | 121.08 | 25.13 | 4.14 | 4.5 | 4.84 | 0.45 |
| 5 1/2 | 20 | 139.7 | 30.05 | 9.17 | 121.36 | 118.18 | 29.52 | 4.37 | 4.31 | -0.52 | |
| 5 1/2 | 23 | 139.7 | 34.05 | 10.54 | 118.62 | 115.44 | 33.57 | ||||
| 5 1/2 | 26.8 | 139.7 | 40.15 | 12.7 | 114.3 | 111.12 | 39.78 | ||||
| 5 1/2 | 29.7 | 139.7 | 44.47 | 14.27 | 111.16 | 107.98 | 44.14 | ||||
| 5 1/2 | 32.6 | 139.7 | 48.74 | 15.88 | 107.94 | 104.76 | 48.49 | ||||
| 5 1/2 | 35.3 | 139.7 | 52.8 | 17.45 | 104.8 | 101.62 | 52.61 | ||||
| 5 1/2 | 38 | 139.7 | 56.82 | 19.05 | 101.6 | 98.42 | 56.68 | ||||
| 5 1/2 | 40.5 | 139.7 | 60.64 | 20.62 | 98.46 | 95.28 | 60.55 | ||||
| 5 1/2 | 43.1 | 139.7 | 64.41 | 22.22 | 95.26 | 92.08 | 64.38 | ||||
| 6 5/8 | 20 | 168.28 | 29.76 | 7.32 | 153.64 | 150.46 | 29.06 | 5.58 | 6.23 | 6.35 | 0.89 |
| 6 5/8 | 24 | 168.28 | 35.72 | 8.94 | 150.4 | 147.22 | 35.13 | 4.42 | 5.48 | 5.52 | 0.68 |
| 6 5/8 | 28 | 168.28 | 41.67 | 10.59 | 147.1 | 143.92 | 41.18 | 4.73 | 4.71 | 0.75 | |
| 6 5/8 | 32 | 168.28 | 47.62 | 12.06 | 144.16 | 140.98 | 46.46 | 4.73 | 4 | 1.46 | |
Insgesamt hat der große Ausfall der Ölpipeline das Potenzial, erhebliche Auswirkungen auf Raffinerien und Lagerbestände in den USA zu haben. Die Störung könnte zu höheren Preisen an der Zapfsäule, einem Rückgang der Produktion aus Raffinerien und einem Rückgang der strategischen Erdölreserven der USA führen. Es ist wichtig, die Situation genau zu beobachten, um sicherzustellen, dass die Störung keine dauerhaften Auswirkungen auf die US-Wirtschaft hat.{:}{:pl}
Jak poważna awaria rurociągu naftowego może wpłynąć na rafinerie i zapasy w USA
Niedawna poważna awaria rurociągu naftowego może znacząco wpłynąć na rafinerie i zapasy ropy w USA. Rurociąg Kolonialny, który transportuje paliwo z wybrzeża Zatoki Meksykańskiej na wschodnie wybrzeże, został zamknięty w wyniku cyberataku, w wyniku czego przerwa w dostawach może trwać tygodniami.
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Zakłócenie rurociągu kolonialnego może spowodować niedobór paliwa na wschodnim wybrzeżu, ponieważ rurociąg dostarcza 45% paliwa w regionie. Może to prowadzić do wyższych cen na stacjach benzynowych, a także niedoborów paliwa dla przedsiębiorstw i konsumentów.
| Wymagania dotyczące wytrzymałości na rozciąganie i twardości | |||||||||
| Ocena | Granica plastyczności MPa | Rozciąganie Siła | Twardość a,c | Określona grubość ścianki | Dopuszczalna twardość Odmiana b | ||||
| Typ | Całkowite wydłużenie pod obciążeniem | min MPa | maks. | ||||||
| min | maks. | HRC | HBW | mm | HRC | ||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| H40 | 0.5 | 276 | 552 | 414 | |||||
| J55 | 0.5 | 379 | 552 | 517 | |||||
| K55 | 0.5 | 379 | 552 | 655 | |||||
| N80 | 1 | 0.5 | 552 | 758 | 689 | ||||
| N80 | P | 0.5 | 552 | 758 | 689 | ||||
| R95 | 0.5 | 655 | 758 | 724 | |||||
| L80 L80 | 1 | 0.5 | 552 | 655 | 655 | 23 | 241 | ||
| L80 | 9Cr 13Cr | 0.5 | 552 | 655 | 655 | 23 | 241 | ||
| 0.5 | 552 | 655 | 655 | 23 | 241 | ||||
| C90 | 1 | 0.5 | 621 | 724 | 689 | 25.4 | 255 | 12.70 | 3 |
| 12,71 do 19,04 | 4 | ||||||||
| 19.05 do 25.39 | 5 | ||||||||
| 25.40 | 6 | ||||||||
| T95 | 1 | 0.5 | 655 | 758 | 724 | 25.4 | 255 | 12.70 | 3 |
| 12,71 do 19,04 | 4 | ||||||||
| 19.05 do 25.39 | 5 | ||||||||
| 25.40 | 6 | ||||||||
| C110 | 0.7 | 758 | 828 | 793 | 30 | 286 | 12.70 | 3 | |
| 12,71 do 19,04 | 4 | ||||||||
| 19.05 do 25.39 | 5 | ||||||||
| 25.40 | 6 | ||||||||
| P110 | 0.6 | 758 | 965 | 862 | |||||
| Q125 | 1 | 0.65 | 862 | 1034 | 931 | b | 12.70 | 3 | |
| 12,71 do 19,04 19,05 | 4 | ||||||||
| 5 | |||||||||
| a W przypadku sporu jako metodę referencyjną należy zastosować laboratoryjne badanie twardości Rockwella C. | |||||||||
| b Nie określono żadnych ograniczeń twardości, ale maksymalna zmiana jest ograniczona w ramach kontroli produkcyjnej zgodnie z 7.8 i 7.9. | |||||||||
| c W przypadku badań twardości ścianek klas L80 (wszystkie typy), C90, T95 i C110, wymagania podane w skali HRC dotyczą maksymalnej średniej twardości. | |||||||||
Przestój może mieć również wpływ na rafinerie w USA. Rafinerie na wschodnim wybrzeżu korzystają z rurociągu Colonial w zakresie dostaw ropy naftowej, a zakłócenia mogą spowodować ograniczenie produkcji. Może to prowadzić do zmniejszenia dostaw benzyny i innych produktów rafinowanych, a w rezultacie do wyższych cen.
Wreszcie, przerwa może mieć również wpływ na zapasy w USA. Strategiczna rezerwa ropy naftowej Stanów Zjednoczonych (SPR) to zapasy ropy naftowej wykorzystywane do stabilizacji cen w okresach zakłóceń w dostawach. SPR znajduje się na wschodnim wybrzeżu, a zakłócenie rurociągu kolonialnego może spowodować, że SPR zostanie wykorzystany do zaspokojenia potrzeb paliwowych regionu. Może to doprowadzić do zmniejszenia zapasów SPR, co może mieć wpływ na światowy rynek ropy.
| Wymiary i masy rurki osłonowej API 5CT L80 dla osłony standardowej i obudowy gwintowanej z | |||||||||||
| Gwint okrągły i gwint wzmacniający API | |||||||||||
| Etykiety a | Masa obliczona c | ||||||||||
| Warunki i zasady dotyczące masy liniowej nominalnej b,c | Grubość ściany | em, Przyrost lub strata masy w wyniku wykończenia końcowego d | |||||||||
| Średnica zewnętrzna | Średnica wewnętrzna | Średnica dryfu | Zwykły koniec | kg | |||||||
| Okrągły wątek | Wątek wzmacniający | ||||||||||
| wpe | |||||||||||
| D | kg/m2 | t | D | mm | kg/m2 | Krótki | Długie | RC | SCC | ||
| mm | mm | mm | |||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
| 4 1/2 | 9.5 | 114.3 | 14.38 | 5.21 | 103.88 | 100.7 | 14.02 | 3.64 | 4,53 | 1,12 | |
| 4 1/2 | 10.5 | 114.3 | 15.73 | 5.69 | 102.92 | 99.74 | 15.24 | 3.33 | 3,61 | 4.32 | 0.91 |
| 4 1/2 | 11.6 | 114.3 | 17.38 | 6.35 | 101.6 | 98.42 | 16.91 | 3.18 | 3.35 | 4.07 | 0.6 |
| 4 1/2 | 13.5 | 114.3 | 19.87 | 7.37 | 99.56 | 96.38 | 19.44 | 3.53 | 3.64 | 0.24 | |
| 4 1/2 | 15.1 | 114.3 | 22.69 | 8.56 | 97.18 | 94 | 22.32 | ||||
| 5 | 11.5 | 127 | 17.19 | 5.59 | 115.82 | 112.64 | 16.74 | 4.32 | 4,85 | 5,38 | 1,24 |
| 5 | 13 | 127 | 19.69 | 6.43 | 114.14 | 110.96 | 19.12 | 4 | 4.51 | 4.99 | 0.61 |
| 5 | 15 | 127 | 22.69 | 7.52 | 111.96 | 108.78 | 22.16 | 3.71 | 4.52 | 4.4 | 0.22 |
| 5 | 18 | 127 | 27.19 | 9.19 | 108.62 | 105.44 | 26.7 | 3.45 | 3.76 | 0.62 | |
| 5 | 21.4 | 127 | 32.13 | 11.1 | 104.8 | 101.62 | 31.73 | 3.15 | 3.42 | 0.96 | |
| 5 | 23.2 | 127 | 34.76 | 12.14 | 102.72 | 99.54 | 34.39 | 2.99 | 3.23 | 1.14 | |
| 5 | 24.1 | 127 | 36.15 | 12.7 | 101.6 | 98.42 | 35.8 | ||||
| 5 1/2 | 14 | 139.7 | 20.91 | 6.2 | 127.3 | 124.12 | 20.41 | 4.6 | 5,26 | 5,71 | 0,87 |
| 5 1/2 | 15.5 | 139.7 | 23.48 | 6.98 | 125.74 | 122.56 | 22.85 | 4.36 | 5.31 | 5.41 | 0.58 |
| 5 1/2 | 17 | 139.7 | 25.72 | 7.72 | 124.26 | 121.08 | 25.13 | 4.14 | 4.5 | 4.84 | 0.45 |
| 5 1/2 | 20 | 139.7 | 30.05 | 9.17 | 121.36 | 118.18 | 29.52 | 4.37 | 4.31 | -0.52 | |
| 5 1/2 | 23 | 139.7 | 34.05 | 10.54 | 118.62 | 115.44 | 33.57 | ||||
| 5 1/2 | 26.8 | 139.7 | 40.15 | 12.7 | 114.3 | 111.12 | 39.78 | ||||
| 5 1/2 | 29.7 | 139.7 | 44.47 | 14.27 | 111.16 | 107.98 | 44.14 | ||||
| 5 1/2 | 32.6 | 139.7 | 48.74 | 15.88 | 107.94 | 104.76 | 48.49 | ||||
| 5 1/2 | 35.3 | 139.7 | 52.8 | 17.45 | 104.8 | 101.62 | 52.61 | ||||
| 5 1/2 | 38 | 139.7 | 56.82 | 19.05 | 101.6 | 98.42 | 56.68 | ||||
| 5 1/2 | 40.5 | 139.7 | 60.64 | 20.62 | 98.46 | 95.28 | 60.55 | ||||
| 5 1/2 | 43.1 | 139.7 | 64.41 | 22.22 | 95.26 | 92.08 | 64.38 | ||||
| 6 5/8 | 20 | 168.28 | 29.76 | 7.32 | 153.64 | 150.46 | 29.06 | 5.58 | 6.23 | 6.35 | 0.89 |
| 6 5/8 | 24 | 168.28 | 35.72 | 8.94 | 150.4 | 147.22 | 35.13 | 4.42 | 5.48 | 5.52 | 0.68 |
| 6 5/8 | 28 | 168.28 | 41.67 | 10.59 | 147.1 | 143.92 | 41.18 | 4.73 | 4.71 | 0.75 | |
| 6 5/8 | 32 | 168.28 | 47.62 | 12.06 | 144.16 | 140.98 | 46.46 | 4.73 | 4 | 1.46 | |
Ogólnie rzecz biorąc, poważna awaria rurociągu naftowego może znacząco wpłynąć na rafinerie i zapasy ropy w USA. Zakłócenia mogą doprowadzić do wyższych cen na stacjach benzynowych, zmniejszenia produkcji w rafineriach i zmniejszenia strategicznych rezerw ropy naftowej w USA. Ważne jest ścisłe monitorowanie sytuacji, aby mieć pewność, że zakłócenia nie będą miały trwałego wpływu na gospodarkę USA.{:}
