{"id":22865,"date":"2024-10-01T17:28:42","date_gmt":"2024-10-01T17:28:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.petroleumtube.com\/?p=22865"},"modified":"2024-10-01T21:29:04","modified_gmt":"2024-10-01T21:29:04","slug":"what-is-the-weldability-variance-between","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.petroleumtube.com\/th\/what-is-the-weldability-variance-between\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e41\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e27\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e17\u0e48\u0e2d API \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e17\u0e48\u0e2d ASTM \u0e04\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e30\u0e44\u0e23"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_63 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-light-blue ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 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href=\"https:\/\/www.petroleumtube.com\/th\/what-is-the-weldability-variance-between\/#%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1_%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99_API_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0_astm_%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%96%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2_%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%96%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1_%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD_API_american_petroleum_institute_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0_ASTM_American_Society_for_testing_and_materials_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99\" 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\u0e22\u0e31\u0e07\u0e02\u0e22\u0e32\u0e22\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e40\u0e17\u0e04\u0e19\u0e34\u0e04\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22 \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e48\u0e2d API \u0e40\u0e17\u0e04\u0e19\u0e34\u0e04\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e46 \u0e40\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e19 \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e23\u0e4c\u0e01\u0e42\u0e25\u0e2b\u0e30\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e09\u0e19\u0e27\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e49\u0e21 (SMAW), \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e23\u0e4c\u0e01\u0e17\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e40\u0e15\u0e19\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e41\u0e01\u0e4a\u0e2a (GTAW) \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e23\u0e4c\u0e01\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e08\u0e38\u0e48\u0e21 (saw) \u0e21\u0e31\u0e01\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19 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\u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e14\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e17\u0e33\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22 (NDT) \u0e40\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e19 \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e14\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e04\u0e25\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e07\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e16\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e39\u0e07 (UT) \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e14\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e20\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e35 (RT) \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e14\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e20\u0e32\u0e04\u0e41\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e47\u0e01 (MT) \u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e19\u0e33\u0e21\u0e32\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e15\u0e23\u0e27\u0e08\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21 \u0e40\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e19 \u0e23\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e41\u0e15\u0e01\u0e23\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27 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\u0e19\u0e33\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e2a\u0e39\u0e48\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e41\u0e15\u0e01\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e01\u0e23\u0e14\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e20\u0e17\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e17\u0e48\u0e2d \u0e15\u0e31\u0e27\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e19 ASTM A53 \u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e17\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e47\u0e01\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e01\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e14\u0e33\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e44\u0e23\u0e49\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d \u0e43\u0e19\u0e02\u0e13\u0e30\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48 ASTM A106 \u0e04\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e25\u0e38\u0e21\u0e17\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e47\u0e01\u0e04\u0e32\u0e23\u0e4c\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e44\u0e23\u0e49\u0e15\u0e30\u0e40\u0e02\u0e47\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e13\u0e2b\u0e20\u0e39\u0e21\u0e34\u0e2a\u0e39\u0e07 \u0e41\u0e19\u0e27\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e0f\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e48\u0e2d ASTM \u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e17\u0e31\u0e48\u0e27\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e39\u0e48\u0e02\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e15\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e4c\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e42\u0e25\u0e2b\u0e30\u0e1c\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e40\u0e09\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e30\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e40\u0e07\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e44\u0e02\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e17\u0e48\u0e2d\n\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e41\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e27\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e17\u0e48\u0e2d API \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30 ASTM \u0e22\u0e31\u0e07\u0e02\u0e22\u0e32\u0e22\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e40\u0e17\u0e04\u0e19\u0e34\u0e04\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22 \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e48\u0e2d API \u0e40\u0e17\u0e04\u0e19\u0e34\u0e04\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e46 \u0e40\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e19 \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e23\u0e4c\u0e01\u0e42\u0e25\u0e2b\u0e30\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e09\u0e19\u0e27\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e49\u0e21 (SMAW), \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e23\u0e4c\u0e01\u0e17\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e40\u0e15\u0e19\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e41\u0e01\u0e4a\u0e2a (GTAW) \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e23\u0e4c\u0e01\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e08\u0e38\u0e48\u0e21 (saw) \u0e21\u0e31\u0e01\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19 \u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e25\u0e30\u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e08\u0e30\u0e40\u0e25\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1b\u0e31\u0e08\u0e08\u0e31\u0e22\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e46 \u0e40\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e19 \u0e40\u0e2a\u0e49\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e28\u0e39\u0e19\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e01\u0e25\u0e32\u0e07\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e17\u0e48\u0e2d \u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e32\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e19\u0e31\u0e07 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e27\u0e31\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e38 \u0e23\u0e30\u0e14\u0e31\u0e1a. \u0e43\u0e19\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21 \u0e17\u0e48\u0e2d ASTM \u0e2d\u0e32\u0e08\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e21\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e32\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e34\u0e21 \u0e40\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e19 \u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e42\u0e25\u0e2b\u0e30\u0e15\u0e31\u0e27\u0e40\u0e15\u0e34\u0e21 \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e15\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e15\u0e33\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e48\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21 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\u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e14\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e17\u0e33\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22 (NDT) \u0e40\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e19 \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e14\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e04\u0e25\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e07\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e16\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e39\u0e07 (UT) \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e14\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e20\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e35 (RT) \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e14\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e20\u0e32\u0e04\u0e41\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e47\u0e01 (MT) \u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e19\u0e33\u0e21\u0e32\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e15\u0e23\u0e27\u0e08\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21 \u0e40\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e19 \u0e23\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e41\u0e15\u0e01\u0e23\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27 \u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e38\u0e19 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e02\u0e32\u0e14\u0e1f\u0e34\u0e27\u0e0a\u0e31\u0e19 \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e14\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e08\u0e30\u0e15\u0e23\u0e27\u0e08\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e38\u0e13\u0e20\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e22\u0e37\u0e19\u0e22\u0e31\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e0f\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14 \u0e0a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e22\u0e25\u0e14\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e07\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e25\u0e49\u0e21\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e27\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e42\u0e04\u0e23\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e23\u0e49\u0e32\u0e07\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e19\u0e48\u0e32\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e16\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e30\u0e22\u0e30\u0e22\u0e32\u0e27\n\u0e43\u0e19\u0e02\u0e13\u0e30\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e15\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e1e\u0e31\u0e12\u0e19\u0e32\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e16\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e21\u0e35\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e20\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e2a\u0e39\u0e07\u0e01\u0e47\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e04\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e33\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e43\u0e08\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e41\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e27\u0e19\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07 \u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19 API \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30 ASTM \u0e21\u0e35\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e04\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e21\u0e32\u0e01\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e27\u0e34\u0e28\u0e27\u0e01\u0e23\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e08\u0e30\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e15\u0e34\u0e14\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e1b\u0e40\u0e14\u0e15\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e01\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e40\u0e17\u0e04\u0e42\u0e19\u0e42\u0e25\u0e22\u0e35\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e04\u0e19\u0e34\u0e04\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21 \u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e20\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e02\u0e49\u0e21\u0e07\u0e27\u0e14\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e0f\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e1a\n\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e2a\u0e23\u0e38\u0e1b \u0e41\u0e21\u0e49\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19 API \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30 ASTM \u0e08\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e41\u0e19\u0e27\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e04\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1c\u0e25\u0e34\u0e15\u0e17\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e41\u0e19\u0e27\u0e1b\u0e0f\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21 \u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e41\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e27\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e08\u0e33\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e21\u0e35\u0e41\u0e19\u0e27\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e40\u0e17\u0e04\u0e19\u0e34\u0e04\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21 \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e25\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e27\u0e31\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e38 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e04\u0e38\u0e13\u0e20\u0e32\u0e1e 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API \u0e21\u0e38\u0e48\u0e07\u0e40\u0e19\u0e49\u0e19\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e17\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e15\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e19\u0e49\u0e33\u0e21\u0e31\u0e19\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e01\u0e4a\u0e32\u0e0b\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e0d\u0e48 \u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e19\u0e48\u0e32\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e16\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e20\u0e32\u0e22\u0e43\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2a\u0e20\u0e32\u0e27\u0e30\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e23\u0e38\u0e19\u0e41\u0e23\u0e07\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e04\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e22\u0e34\u0e48\u0e07 \u0e17\u0e48\u0e2d API \u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e17\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e41\u0e23\u0e07\u0e14\u0e31\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e39\u0e07 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\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e41\u0e19\u0e48\u0e43\u0e08\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e08\u0e30\u0e23\u0e31\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e04\u0e38\u0e13\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e25\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e27\u0e31\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e38\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19 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\u0e23\u0e27\u0e21\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e23\u0e49\u0e32\u0e07 \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1c\u0e25\u0e34\u0e15 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e42\u0e04\u0e23\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e23\u0e49\u0e32\u0e07\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e49\u0e19\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19 \u0e17\u0e48\u0e2d ASTM \u0e1c\u0e25\u0e34\u0e15\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e04\u0e25\u0e32\u0e14\u0e40\u0e04\u0e25\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e02\u0e19\u0e32\u0e14\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e41\u0e21\u0e48\u0e19\u0e22\u0e33\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e4c\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e40\u0e04\u0e21\u0e35\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e32\u0e01\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22 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(American Petroleum Institute) \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30 ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) \u0e04\u0e27\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e38\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e40\u0e09\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e30\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e17\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e15\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e46 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API \u0e21\u0e38\u0e48\u0e07\u0e40\u0e19\u0e49\u0e19\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e17\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e15\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e19\u0e49\u0e33\u0e21\u0e31\u0e19\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e01\u0e4a\u0e32\u0e0b\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e0d\u0e48 \u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e19\u0e48\u0e32\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e16\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e20\u0e32\u0e22\u0e43\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2a\u0e20\u0e32\u0e27\u0e30\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e23\u0e38\u0e19\u0e41\u0e23\u0e07\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e04\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e22\u0e34\u0e48\u0e07 \u0e17\u0e48\u0e2d API \u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e17\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e41\u0e23\u0e07\u0e14\u0e31\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e39\u0e07 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\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e23\u0e31\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e1a\u0e39\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e20\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e14\u0e33\u0e40\u0e19\u0e34\u0e19\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e15\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e14\u0e27\u0e07\u0e08\u0e23\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e27\u0e34\u0e15<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h1 id=\"api-standards-and-their-impact-on-weldability-of-pipes-wpaicgheading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1_%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99_API_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0_astm_%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%96%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2_%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%96%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1_%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD_API_american_petroleum_institute_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0_ASTM_American_Society_for_testing_and_materials_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99\"><\/span>\u0e43\u0e19\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e02\u0e15\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e17\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e15\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21 \u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e40\u0e25\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19 <a href=\"\/tag\/api\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><strong>\u00a0API<\/strong><\/strong><\/a> \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30 <a href=\"\/tag\/astm\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>astm<\/strong><\/a> \u0e21\u0e35\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e17\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e04\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e43\u0e19\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e35\u0e22\u0e07\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e43\u0e19\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e1a\u0e39\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e42\u0e04\u0e23\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e23\u0e49\u0e32\u0e07\u0e40\u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e22\u0e31\u0e07\u0e23\u0e27\u0e21\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22 \u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21 \u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e07\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e04\u0e38\u0e13\u0e20\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e27\u0e31\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e38\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e41\u0e15\u0e01\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e21\u0e35\u0e19\u0e31\u0e22\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e04\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e17\u0e48\u0e2d API (<a href=\"\/tag\/american\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><a href=\"\/tag\/america\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>america<\/strong><\/a>n<\/strong><\/a> <a href=\"\/tag\/petroleum\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>petroleum<\/strong><\/a> <a href=\"\/tag\/institute\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>institute<\/strong><\/a>) \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30 ASTM (American Society for <a href=\"\/tag\/testing\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>testing<\/strong><\/a> and <a href=\"\/tag\/materials\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><a href=\"\/tag\/material\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>material<\/strong><\/a>s<\/strong><\/a>) \u0e40\u0e19\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e40\u0e09\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e30\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e41\u0e15\u0e01\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p>\n\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19 API \u0e21\u0e38\u0e48\u0e07\u0e40\u0e19\u0e49\u0e19\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e15\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e19\u0e49\u0e33\u0e21\u0e31\u0e19\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e01\u0e4a\u0e32\u0e0b\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01 \u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e40\u0e19\u0e49\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e19\u0e17\u0e32\u0e19 \u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e41\u0e02\u0e47\u0e07\u0e41\u0e01\u0e23\u0e48\u0e07 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e15\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e17\u0e32\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e20\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e41\u0e27\u0e14\u0e25\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e24\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e4c\u0e01\u0e31\u0e14\u0e01\u0e23\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19 \u0e17\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e17\u0e19\u0e17\u0e32\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e20\u0e32\u0e27\u0e30\u0e41\u0e23\u0e07\u0e14\u0e31\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e39\u0e07\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e20\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e41\u0e27\u0e14\u0e25\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e23\u0e38\u0e19\u0e41\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e09\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e01\u0e31\u0e14 \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e02\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e07 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e41\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e23\u0e39\u0e1b\u0e1b\u0e34\u0e42\u0e15\u0e23\u0e40\u0e25\u0e35\u0e22\u0e21\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e01\u0e4a\u0e32\u0e0b\u0e18\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e15\u0e34 \u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49 \u0e17\u0e48\u0e2d API \u0e08\u0e36\u0e07\u0e21\u0e31\u0e01\u0e17\u0e33\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e47\u0e01\u0e01\u0e25\u0e49\u0e32\u0e04\u0e32\u0e23\u0e4c\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e42\u0e25\u0e2b\u0e30\u0e1c\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e15\u0e48\u0e33\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e4c\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e40\u0e04\u0e21\u0e35\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e04\u0e38\u0e13\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e25\u0e40\u0e09\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e30\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e07\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e20\u0e32\u0e27\u0e30\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49<\/p>\n<p>\u0e43\u0e19\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e25\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19 \u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19 ASTM \u0e04\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e25\u0e38\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e15\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e32\u0e01\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22\u0e21\u0e32\u0e01\u0e01\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e49\u0e33\u0e21\u0e31\u0e19\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e01\u0e4a\u0e32\u0e0b \u0e23\u0e27\u0e21\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07 \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e23\u0e49\u0e32\u0e07 \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1c\u0e25\u0e34\u0e15 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e42\u0e04\u0e23\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e23\u0e49\u0e32\u0e07\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e49\u0e19\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19 \u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14 ASTM \u0e04\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e25\u0e38\u0e21\u0e27\u0e31\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e38\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e32\u0e01\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e20\u0e17 \u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e08\u0e33\u0e01\u0e31\u0e14\u0e40\u0e09\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e30\u0e42\u0e25\u0e2b\u0e30 \u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e22\u0e31\u0e07\u0e23\u0e27\u0e21\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e1e\u0e25\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e15\u0e34\u0e01 \u0e40\u0e0b\u0e23\u0e32\u0e21\u0e34\u0e01 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e27\u0e31\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e38\u0e1c\u0e2a\u0e21 \u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e32\u0e01\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e25\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e29\u0e13\u0e30\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2a\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e15\u0e23\u0e31\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e01\u0e27\u0e49\u0e32\u0e07\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e01\u0e23\u0e14 ASTM \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e4c\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e27\u0e31\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e38<\/p>\n<p>\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e41\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e27\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e17\u0e48\u0e2d API \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30 ASTM \u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e14\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e1b\u0e31\u0e08\u0e08\u0e31\u0e22\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e04\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23 \u0e1b\u0e31\u0e08\u0e08\u0e31\u0e22\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e04\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e04\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e4c\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e40\u0e04\u0e21\u0e35\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e27\u0e31\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e38 \u0e17\u0e48\u0e2d API \u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e21\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e20\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e41\u0e27\u0e14\u0e25\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e04\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e14\u0e2a\u0e39\u0e07 \u0e21\u0e31\u0e01\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e4c\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e46 \u0e40\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e19 \u0e42\u0e04\u0e23\u0e40\u0e21\u0e35\u0e22\u0e21 \u0e42\u0e21\u0e25\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e14\u0e35\u0e19\u0e31\u0e21 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e19\u0e34\u0e01\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e25 \u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e41\u0e02\u0e47\u0e07\u0e41\u0e23\u0e07\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e15\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e17\u0e32\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e31\u0e14\u0e01\u0e23\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19 \u0e41\u0e21\u0e49\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e4c\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e42\u0e25\u0e2b\u0e30\u0e1c\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e08\u0e30\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e25\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32 \u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e01\u0e47\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e25\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e25\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e42\u0e0b\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e19 (HAZ) \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e15\u0e31\u0e27\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21 \u0e40\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e19 \u0e23\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e41\u0e15\u0e01\u0e23\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e38\u0e19<\/p>\n<p>\u0e43\u0e19\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21 \u0e17\u0e48\u0e2d ASTM \u0e2d\u0e32\u0e08\u0e21\u0e35\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e01\u0e27\u0e49\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32 \u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e27\u0e31\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e38\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e40\u0e01\u0e23\u0e14 \u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e25\u0e30\u0e0a\u0e19\u0e34\u0e14\u0e21\u0e35\u0e04\u0e38\u0e13\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e29\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e15\u0e31\u0e27\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e07 \u0e15\u0e31\u0e27\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e19 ASTM <a href=\"\/tag\/a53\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>a53<\/strong><\/a> \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30 <a href=\"\/tag\/astm-a106\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>astm a106<\/strong><\/a> \u0e21\u0e31\u0e01\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1b\u0e32\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e42\u0e04\u0e23\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e23\u0e49\u0e32\u0e07\u0e41\u0e23\u0e07\u0e14\u0e31\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e33 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\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19 API \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30 ASTM \u0e44\u0e1b\u0e1b\u0e4c API \u0e1c\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e14\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e42\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e42\u0e15\u0e04\u0e2d\u0e25\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e15\u0e23\u0e27\u0e08\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e02\u0e49\u0e21\u0e07\u0e27\u0e14\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e41\u0e19\u0e48\u0e43\u0e08\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e02\u0e49\u0e21\u0e07\u0e27\u0e14\u0e43\u0e19\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e41\u0e02\u0e47\u0e07\u0e41\u0e01\u0e23\u0e48\u0e07 \u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e22\u0e27 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e15\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e17\u0e32\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e31\u0e14\u0e01\u0e23\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19 \u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49 \u0e41\u0e21\u0e49\u0e08\u0e30\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e20\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e39\u0e07 \u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e07\u0e04\u0e23\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e01\u0e47\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e08\u0e17\u0e33\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e14\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e49\u0e32\u0e17\u0e32\u0e22\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21 \u0e40\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e19 \u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e44\u0e27\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e41\u0e15\u0e01\u0e23\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e14\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e44\u0e2e\u0e42\u0e14\u0e23\u0e40\u0e08\u0e19 (<a href=\"\/tag\/hic\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>hic<\/strong><\/a>) \u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e32\u0e30\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e42\u0e25\u0e2b\u0e30\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.petroleumtube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/e0e7a582dc32d28f20dc57d6a9b9d4e3.png\"><\/p>\n<p>\u0e43\u0e19\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e25\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19 \u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19 ASTM \u0e04\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e25\u0e38\u0e21\u0e41\u0e19\u0e27\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e0f\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1c\u0e25\u0e34\u0e15\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e04\u0e27\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e38\u0e21\u0e04\u0e38\u0e13\u0e20\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e32\u0e01\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22\u0e21\u0e32\u0e01\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e0a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e22\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e25\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e27\u0e31\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e38\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e04\u0e19\u0e34\u0e04\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e22\u0e37\u0e14\u0e2b\u0e22\u0e38\u0e48\u0e19\u0e21\u0e32\u0e01\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07 ASTM \u0e21\u0e31\u0e01\u0e08\u0e30\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e41\u0e19\u0e27\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e23\u0e31\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21 \u0e27\u0e31\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e38\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e49\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e02\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e15\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e01\u0e23\u0e14\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e40\u0e09\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e30<\/p>\n<p>\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e32\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21 \u0e27\u0e34\u0e28\u0e27\u0e01\u0e23\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e41\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e23\u0e39\u0e1b\u0e08\u0e30\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e21\u0e34\u0e19\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e2d\u0e1a \u0e23\u0e27\u0e21\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e31\u0e08\u0e08\u0e31\u0e22\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e46 \u0e40\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e19 \u0e40\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e19 \u0e2a\u0e20\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e33\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19 \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e31\u0e2a\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e48\u0e07\u0e41\u0e27\u0e14\u0e25\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e04\u0e38\u0e13\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e25\u0e40\u0e09\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e30\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e08\u0e33\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19 \u0e41\u0e21\u0e49\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e17\u0e48\u0e2d API \u0e08\u0e30\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e20\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e41\u0e02\u0e47\u0e07\u0e41\u0e01\u0e23\u0e48\u0e07\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e20\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e41\u0e27\u0e14\u0e25\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e39\u0e07 \u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e04\u0e38\u0e13\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e29\u0e13\u0e30\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e17\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e08\u0e33\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e32\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e23\u0e40\u0e17\u0e32\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e49\u0e32\u0e17\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e08\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e14\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1c\u0e25\u0e34\u0e15\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e15\u0e34\u0e14\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07<\/p>\n<p>\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e2a\u0e23\u0e38\u0e1b \u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e41\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e27\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e17\u0e48\u0e2d API \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30 ASTM \u0e40\u0e19\u0e49\u0e19\u0e22\u0e49\u0e33\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e04\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e33\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e43\u0e08\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19 \u0e27\u0e31\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e38 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23 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\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e14\u0e20\u0e31\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e15\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e20\u0e32\u0e27\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e0f\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e32\u0e01\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22<\/p>\n<div class=\"entry-content-asset videofit\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe Hot Rolled 16mn Water Well Casing Oil,Seamless OCTG Oil Casing Pipe\" width=\"720\" height=\"405\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/1OEDUS9l2Hc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19 ASTM \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e2d\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e25\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e41\u0e19\u0e27\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e0f\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e17\u0e48\u0e2d<\/p>\n<h1 id=\"astm-standards-and-their-influence-on-welding-practices-for-pipes-wpaicgheading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" 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\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e17\u0e48\u0e2d API \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30 ASTM<\/p>\n<p>\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e04\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1c\u0e25\u0e34\u0e15\u0e17\u0e48\u0e2d \u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e1a\u0e39\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e42\u0e04\u0e23\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e23\u0e49\u0e32\u0e07\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e20\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e15\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e46 American Petroleum Institute (API) \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30 American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) \u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e4c\u0e01\u0e23\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e42\u0e14\u0e14\u0e40\u0e14\u0e48\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e23\u0e49\u0e32\u0e07\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e20\u0e32\u0e04\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e46 \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e33\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e43\u0e08\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e41\u0e15\u0e01\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e43\u0e19\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e17\u0e48\u0e2d API \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30 ASTM \u0e16\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e04\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e0f\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e15\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e23\u0e25\u0e38\u0e41\u0e19\u0e27\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e0f\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e38\u0e14<\/p>\n<p>\u0e17\u0e48\u0e2d cs\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19 API \u0e21\u0e38\u0e48\u0e07\u0e40\u0e19\u0e49\u0e19\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e17\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e15\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e19\u0e49\u0e33\u0e21\u0e31\u0e19\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e01\u0e4a\u0e32\u0e0b\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01 \u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e27\u0e31\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e38 \u0e02\u0e19\u0e32\u0e14 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e01\u0e25\u0e44\u0e01 \u0e04\u0e38\u0e13\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34. \u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49 \u0e40\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e19 API 5L \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e49\u0e19\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30 <a href=\"\/tag\/api-5ct-2\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><a href=\"\/tag\/api-5c\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>api 5c<\/strong><\/a>t<\/strong><\/a> \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e17\u0e48\u0e2d \u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e40\u0e01\u0e13\u0e11\u0e4c\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e02\u0e49\u0e21\u0e07\u0e27\u0e14\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e41\u0e19\u0e48\u0e43\u0e08\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e17\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e17\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e20\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e41\u0e27\u0e14\u0e25\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e23\u0e38\u0e19\u0e41\u0e23\u0e07\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e04\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e14\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e0f\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e43\u0e19\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21 \u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19 ASTM \u0e04\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e25\u0e38\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e15\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e32\u0e01\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22\u0e01\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32 \u0e23\u0e27\u0e21\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e23\u0e49\u0e32\u0e07 \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1c\u0e25\u0e34\u0e15 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e42\u0e04\u0e23\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e23\u0e49\u0e32\u0e07\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e49\u0e19\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19<\/p>\n<p>\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e14\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e04\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19 API \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30 ASTM \u0e41\u0e15\u0e01\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e04\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e40\u0e09\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21 \u0e17\u0e48\u0e2d API \u0e21\u0e31\u0e01\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e04\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1b\u0e31\u0e08\u0e08\u0e31\u0e22\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e46 \u0e40\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e19 \u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e15\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e17\u0e32\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e31\u0e14\u0e01\u0e23\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e41\u0e15\u0e01\u0e23\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e20\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e41\u0e27\u0e14\u0e25\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e14\u0e21\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e44\u0e2e\u0e42\u0e14\u0e23\u0e04\u0e32\u0e23\u0e4c\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e19 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\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e25\u0e14\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e07\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e23\u0e31\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e04\u0e38\u0e13\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e27\u0e31\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e38<\/p>\n<p>\u0e43\u0e19\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e25\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19 \u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19 ASTM \u0e04\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e25\u0e38\u0e21\u0e27\u0e31\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e38\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e32\u0e01\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22 \u0e19\u0e33\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e2a\u0e39\u0e48\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e41\u0e15\u0e01\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e01\u0e23\u0e14\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e20\u0e17\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e17\u0e48\u0e2d \u0e15\u0e31\u0e27\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e19 ASTM A53 \u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e17\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e47\u0e01\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e01\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e14\u0e33\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e44\u0e23\u0e49\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d \u0e43\u0e19\u0e02\u0e13\u0e30\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48 ASTM A106 \u0e04\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e25\u0e38\u0e21\u0e17\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e47\u0e01\u0e04\u0e32\u0e23\u0e4c\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e44\u0e23\u0e49\u0e15\u0e30\u0e40\u0e02\u0e47\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e13\u0e2b\u0e20\u0e39\u0e21\u0e34\u0e2a\u0e39\u0e07 \u0e41\u0e19\u0e27\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e0f\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e48\u0e2d ASTM \u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e17\u0e31\u0e48\u0e27\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e39\u0e48\u0e02\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e15\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e4c\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e42\u0e25\u0e2b\u0e30\u0e1c\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e40\u0e09\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e30\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e40\u0e07\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e44\u0e02\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e17\u0e48\u0e2d<\/p>\n<p>\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e41\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e27\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e17\u0e48\u0e2d API \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30 ASTM \u0e22\u0e31\u0e07\u0e02\u0e22\u0e32\u0e22\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e40\u0e17\u0e04\u0e19\u0e34\u0e04\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22 \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e48\u0e2d API \u0e40\u0e17\u0e04\u0e19\u0e34\u0e04\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e46 \u0e40\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e19 \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e23\u0e4c\u0e01\u0e42\u0e25\u0e2b\u0e30\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e09\u0e19\u0e27\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e49\u0e21 (SMAW), \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e23\u0e4c\u0e01\u0e17\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e40\u0e15\u0e19\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e41\u0e01\u0e4a\u0e2a (GTAW) \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e23\u0e4c\u0e01\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e08\u0e38\u0e48\u0e21 (<a href=\"\/tag\/saw\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>saw<\/strong><\/a>) 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\u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e14\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e17\u0e33\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22 (NDT) \u0e40\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e19 \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e14\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e04\u0e25\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e07\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e16\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e39\u0e07 (UT) \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e14\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e20\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e35 (RT) \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e14\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e20\u0e32\u0e04\u0e41\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e47\u0e01 (MT) \u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e19\u0e33\u0e21\u0e32\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e15\u0e23\u0e27\u0e08\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21 \u0e40\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e19 \u0e23\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e41\u0e15\u0e01\u0e23\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27 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class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p>\n\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e27\u0e34\u0e40\u0e04\u0e23\u0e32\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e4c\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e17\u0e35\u0e22\u0e1a\u0e02\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e15\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e48\u0e2d API \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30 ASTM<\/p>\n<h1 id=\"comparative-analysis-of-welding-procedures-for-api-and-astm-pipes-wpaicgheading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" 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(American Petroleum Institute) \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30 ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) \u0e04\u0e27\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e38\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e40\u0e09\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e30\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e17\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e15\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e46 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API \u0e21\u0e38\u0e48\u0e07\u0e40\u0e19\u0e49\u0e19\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e17\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e15\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e19\u0e49\u0e33\u0e21\u0e31\u0e19\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e01\u0e4a\u0e32\u0e0b\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e0d\u0e48 \u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e19\u0e48\u0e32\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e16\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e20\u0e32\u0e22\u0e43\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2a\u0e20\u0e32\u0e27\u0e30\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e23\u0e38\u0e19\u0e41\u0e23\u0e07\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e04\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e22\u0e34\u0e48\u0e07 \u0e17\u0e48\u0e2d API \u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e17\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e41\u0e23\u0e07\u0e14\u0e31\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e39\u0e07 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\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e41\u0e19\u0e48\u0e43\u0e08\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e08\u0e30\u0e23\u0e31\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e04\u0e38\u0e13\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e25\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e27\u0e31\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e38\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19 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\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e4c\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e27\u0e31\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e38\u0e01\u0e47\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e41\u0e19\u0e27\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e41\u0e15\u0e01\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e33\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e43\u0e08\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e41\u0e15\u0e01\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e04\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e27\u0e34\u0e28\u0e27\u0e01\u0e23 \u0e0a\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e25\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01 \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1c\u0e25\u0e34\u0e15 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1a\u0e33\u0e23\u0e38\u0e07\u0e23\u0e31\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e17\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e42\u0e04\u0e23\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e23\u0e49\u0e32\u0e07\u0e43\u0e19\u0e20\u0e32\u0e04\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e15\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e32\u0e01\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22 \u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e22\u0e36\u0e14\u0e21\u0e31\u0e48\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e42\u0e22\u0e0a\u0e19\u0e4c\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e40\u0e17\u0e04\u0e19\u0e34\u0e04\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e21 \u0e2d\u0e38\u0e15\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e46 \u0e08\u0e36\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e23\u0e25\u0e38\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e41\u0e02\u0e47\u0e07\u0e41\u0e01\u0e23\u0e48\u0e07\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e17\u0e19\u0e17\u0e32\u0e19 \u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e23\u0e31\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e1a\u0e39\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e20\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e14\u0e33\u0e40\u0e19\u0e34\u0e19\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e15\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e14\u0e27\u0e07\u0e08\u0e23\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e27\u0e34\u0e15<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p>\nIn the <a href=\"\/tag\/real\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>real<\/strong><\/a>m of <a href=\"\/tag\/industrial\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>industrial<\/strong><\/a> <a href=\"\/tag\/applications\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><a href=\"\/tag\/application\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>application<\/strong><\/a>s<\/strong><\/a>, <a href=\"\/tag\/understanding\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>under<a href=\"\/tag\/stand\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>stand<\/strong><\/a>ing<\/strong><\/a> the <a href=\"\/tag\/nuances\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>nuances<\/strong><\/a> of <a href=\"\/tag\/welding\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><a href=\"\/tag\/weld\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>weld<\/strong><\/a>ing<\/strong><\/a> <a href=\"\/tag\/procedures\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>procedures<\/strong><\/a> for <a href=\"\/tag\/pipe\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><strong> Pipe<\/strong><\/strong><\/a>s is <a href=\"\/tag\/crucial\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>crucial<\/strong><\/a> for ensu<a href=\"\/tag\/ring\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>ring<\/strong><\/a> <a href=\"\/tag\/structural\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>structural<\/strong><\/a> integrity, <a href=\"\/tag\/performance\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><a href=\"\/tag\/per\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>per<\/strong><\/a>formance<\/strong><\/a>, and <a href=\"\/tag\/safety\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>safety<\/strong><\/a>. Two <a href=\"\/tag\/prominent\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>prominent<\/strong><\/a> <a href=\"\/tag\/standards\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><a href=\"\/tag\/standard\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>standard<\/strong><\/a>s<\/strong><\/a>, API (American Petroleum Institute) and ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials), govern the <a href=\"\/tag\/specifications\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><a href=\"\/tag\/specification\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><a href=\"\/tag\/specific\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>specific<\/strong><\/a>ation<\/strong><\/a>s<\/strong><\/a> of pipes <a href=\"\/tag\/used\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>used<\/strong><\/a> a<a href=\"\/tag\/cross\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>cross<\/strong><\/a> <a href=\"\/tag\/various\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>various<\/strong><\/a> <a href=\"\/tag\/industries\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>industries.<\/strong><\/a> A <a href=\"\/tag\/fundamental\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>fundamental<\/strong><\/a> aspect of <a href=\"\/tag\/their\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>their<\/strong><\/a> <a href=\"\/tag\/differentiation\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><a href=\"\/tag\/different\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>different<\/strong><\/a>iation<\/strong><\/a> lies in weld<a href=\"\/tag\/ability\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>ability<\/strong><\/a>\\\u2014the ease and <a href=\"\/tag\/quality\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>quality<\/strong><\/a> <a href=\"\/tag\/with\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>with<\/strong><\/a> which pipes can be <a href=\"\/tag\/welded\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>welded<\/strong><\/a> to form <a href=\"\/tag\/robust\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>robust<\/strong><\/a> <a href=\"\/tag\/joint\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>joint<\/strong><\/a>s that withstand operational stresses and <a href=\"\/tag\/environmental\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>environmental<\/strong><\/a> conditions.<\/p>\n<p>API standards are <a href=\"\/tag\/predominant\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>pre<a href=\"\/tag\/dominant\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><a href=\"\/tag\/dom\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>dom<\/strong><\/a>inant<\/strong><\/a><\/strong><\/a>ly focused on pipes used in the <a href=\"\/tag\/oil-and-gas\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><a href=\"\/tag\/oil\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>oil<\/strong><\/a> and <a href=\"\/tag\/gas\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>gas<\/strong><\/a><\/strong><\/a> industry, where reliability under <a href=\"\/tag\/extreme\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>extreme<\/strong><\/a> conditions is paramount. API pipes are <a href=\"\/tag\/design\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>design<\/strong><\/a>ed to withstand <a href=\"\/tag\/high\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>high<\/strong><\/a> <a href=\"\/tag\/pressure\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>pressure<\/strong><\/a>, corrosive <a href=\"\/tag\/environments\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>environments<\/strong><\/a>, and fluctuating <a href=\"\/tag\/temperature\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>temperature<\/strong><\/a>s encountered in oil <a href=\"\/tag\/extraction\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>extraction<\/strong><\/a>, refining, and <a href=\"\/tag\/transportation\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>transportation<\/strong><\/a>. The welding procedures for API pipes are specified to <a href=\"\/tag\/ensure\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>ensure<\/strong><\/a> welds that maintain the <a href=\"\/tag\/mechanical\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>mechanical<\/strong><\/a> <a href=\"\/tag\/proper\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>proper<\/strong><\/a>ties of the base material, crucial for the operational safety and longevity of the <a href=\"\/tag\/pipeline\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>pipe<a href=\"\/tag\/line\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>line<\/strong><\/a><\/strong><\/a> <a href=\"\/tag\/systems\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><a href=\"\/tag\/system\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>system<\/strong><\/a>s<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>In <a href=\"\/tag\/contrast\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>contrast<\/strong><\/a>, ASTM standards encom<a href=\"\/tag\/pass\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>pass<\/strong><\/a> a broader spectrum of industries <a href=\"\/tag\/beyond\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>beyond<\/strong><\/a> oil and gas, including <a href=\"\/tag\/construction\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>construction<\/strong><\/a>, <a href=\"\/tag\/manufacturing\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>manufacturing<\/strong><\/a>, and infra<a href=\"\/tag\/structure\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>structure<\/strong><\/a>. ASTM pipes are <a href=\"\/tag\/manufacture\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>manufacture<\/strong><\/a>d with <a href=\"\/tag\/precise\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>precise<\/strong><\/a> dimensional <a href=\"\/tag\/tolerance\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>tolerance<\/strong><\/a>s and <a href=\"\/tag\/chemical\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>chemical<\/strong><\/a> <a href=\"\/tag\/composition\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>composition<\/strong><\/a>s suited for <a href=\"\/tag\/diverse\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>diverse<\/strong><\/a> applications. The welding procedures prescribed by ASTM empha<a href=\"\/tag\/size\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>size<\/strong><\/a> achieving welds with uniformity in <a href=\"\/tag\/strength\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>strength<\/strong><\/a> and integrity, catering to the specific performance <a href=\"\/tag\/requirements\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><a href=\"\/tag\/requirement\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>requirement<\/strong><\/a>s<\/strong><\/a> dictated by the application.<\/p>\n<p>One significant <a href=\"\/tag\/variance\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>variance<\/strong><\/a> <a href=\"\/tag\/between\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>between<\/strong><\/a> API and ASTM pipes lies in their chemical composition and material <a href=\"\/tag\/properties\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>properties.<\/strong><\/a> API pipes, often <a href=\"\/tag\/made\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>made<\/strong><\/a> from <a href=\"\/tag\/carbon-steel\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><a href=\"\/tag\/carbon\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>carbon<\/strong><\/a> <a href=\"\/tag\/steel\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>steel<\/strong><\/a><\/strong><\/a> <a href=\"\/tag\/grades\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><a href=\"\/tag\/grade\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>grade<\/strong><\/a>s<\/strong><\/a> such as API 5L, are formulated to resist <a href=\"\/tag\/corrosion\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>corrosion<\/strong><\/a> and maintain structural integrity under <a href=\"\/tag\/high-pressure\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>high-pressure<\/strong><\/a> conditions. Welding procedures for API pipes typically involve pre<a href=\"\/tag\/heat\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>heat<\/strong><\/a>ing and post-weld heat <a href=\"\/tag\/treatment\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>treatment<\/strong><\/a> to prevent brittleness and ensure weld joint <a href=\"\/tag\/toughness\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>toughness<\/strong><\/a>, <a href=\"\/tag\/essential\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>essential<\/strong><\/a> for withstanding stress and strain during <a href=\"\/tag\/operations\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>operations<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>On the other hand, ASTM pipes encompass a <a href=\"\/tag\/wide\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>wide<\/strong><\/a>r <a href=\"\/tag\/range\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>range<\/strong><\/a> of materials, including carbon steels, <a href=\"\/tag\/stainless-steel\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><a href=\"\/tag\/stainless\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>stainless<\/strong><\/a> steel<\/strong><\/a>s, and <a href=\"\/tag\/alloy\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>alloy<\/strong><\/a> steels, each tailored to meet specific mechanical and chemical requirements dictated by ASTM standards. Welding ASTM pipes necessitates adherence to precise welding <a href=\"\/tag\/parameters\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>parameters<\/strong><\/a> such as heat input, interpass temperature <a href=\"\/tag\/control\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>control<\/strong><\/a>, and filler material <a href=\"\/tag\/selection\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><a href=\"\/tag\/select\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>select<\/strong><\/a>ion<\/strong><\/a> to achieve welds that exhibit desired mechanical properties and <a href=\"\/tag\/corrosion-resistance\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Corrosion <a href=\"\/tag\/resistance\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>resistance<\/strong><\/a><\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>The weldability of both API and ASTM pipes is influenced not only by their material composition but also by the welding <a href=\"\/tag\/process\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>process<\/strong><\/a> employed. <a href=\"\/tag\/common\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>common<\/strong><\/a> welding <a href=\"\/tag\/techniques\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>techniques<\/strong><\/a> include shielded <a href=\"\/tag\/metal\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>metal<\/strong><\/a> arc welding (SMAW), gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW), and submerged arc welding (SAW), each chosen <a href=\"\/tag\/based\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>based<\/strong><\/a> on <a href=\"\/tag\/factors\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>factors<\/strong><\/a> like pipe <a href=\"\/tag\/diameter\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>diameter<\/strong><\/a>, <a href=\"\/tag\/wall-thickness\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><a href=\"\/tag\/wall\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>wall<\/strong><\/a> thickness<\/strong><\/a>, and environmental constraints. Proper weld preparation, joint design, and welder qualification are critical in ensuring the integrity of welds, <a href=\"\/tag\/minimizing\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>minimizing<\/strong><\/a> defects such as porosity, cracking, and incomplete fusion.<\/p>\n<p>In <a href=\"\/tag\/practice\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>practice<\/strong><\/a>, welding procedures for API and ASTM pipes adhere to stringent industry standards and <a href=\"\/tag\/code\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>code<\/strong><\/a>s to <a href=\"\/tag\/guarantee\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>guarantee<\/strong><\/a> reliability and safety. Welders must be certified and trained to exe<a href=\"\/tag\/cut\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>cut<\/strong><\/a>e procedures that comply with <a href=\"\/tag\/these\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>these<\/strong><\/a> standards, ensuring consistency and quality in welded joints. <a href=\"\/tag\/inspection\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><a href=\"\/tag\/inspect\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>inspect<\/strong><\/a>ion<\/strong><\/a> and testing procedures such as <a href=\"\/tag\/non-destructive-testing\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Non-destructive testing<\/strong><\/a> (NDT) <a href=\"\/tag\/methods\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><a href=\"\/tag\/method\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>method<\/strong><\/a>s<\/strong><\/a>\\\u2014ultrasonic testing (UT), radiographic testing (RT), and magnetic particle inspection (MPI)\\\u2014further verify the quality of welds, mitigating potential <a href=\"\/tag\/risks\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><a href=\"\/tag\/risk\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>risk<\/strong><\/a>s<\/strong><\/a> of <a href=\"\/tag\/fail\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>fail<\/strong><\/a>ure.<\/p>\n<p>In conclusion, while both API and ASTM standards aim to ensure the reliability and performance of pipes through stringent manufacturing and welding procedures, their application contexts and material compositions dictate <a href=\"\/tag\/distinct\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>distinct<\/strong><\/a> <a href=\"\/tag\/approaches\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>approaches<\/strong><\/a> to weldability. Understanding these <a href=\"\/tag\/differences\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><a href=\"\/tag\/difference\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>difference<\/strong><\/a>s<\/strong><\/a> is crucial for engineers, welders, and <a href=\"\/tag\/stakeholder\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>stakeholder<\/strong><\/a>s involved in the selection, fabrication, and <a href=\"\/tag\/maintenance\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Maintenance<\/strong><\/a> of <a href=\"\/tag\/pipelines\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>pipelines<\/strong><\/a> and structural systems across diverse industrial sectors. By adhering to prescribed standards and leveraging <a href=\"\/tag\/appropriate\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>appropriate<\/strong><\/a> welding techniques, industries can achieve robust, <a href=\"\/tag\/durable\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>durable<\/strong><\/a> welds that uphold the integrity and operational <a href=\"\/tag\/efficiency\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>efficiency<\/strong><\/a> of piping systems over their lifecycle.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0e43\u0e19\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e02\u0e15\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e17\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e15\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21 \u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e40\u0e25\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19 \u00a0<a href=\"\/tag\/api\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><strong>\u00a0API<\/strong><\/strong><\/a> \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30 <a href=\"\/tag\/astm\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>astm<\/strong><\/a> \u0e21\u0e35\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e17\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e04\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e43\u0e19\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e35\u0e22\u0e07\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e43\u0e19\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e1a\u0e39\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e42\u0e04\u0e23\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e23\u0e49\u0e32\u0e07\u0e40\u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e22\u0e31\u0e07\u0e23\u0e27\u0e21\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22 \u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21 \u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e07\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e04\u0e38\u0e13\u0e20\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e27\u0e31\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e38\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e41\u0e15\u0e01\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e21\u0e35\u0e19\u0e31\u0e22\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e04\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e17\u0e48\u0e2d API (<a href=\"\/tag\/american\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><a href=\"\/tag\/america\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>america<\/strong><\/a>n<\/strong><\/a> <a href=\"\/tag\/petroleum\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>petroleum<\/strong><\/a> <a href=\"\/tag\/institute\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>institute<\/strong><\/a>) \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30 ASTM (American Society for <a href=\"\/tag\/testing\" 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